Imagine that the image is divided into nine equal parts by two horizontal and two vertical lines. Positioning the element along the lines or at points where they intersect This will add balance and interest to the photo.
Balancing Elements
Placing main subject off center as with the rule of thirds. It creates a more interesting photo but can leave empty space. To fill this empty space you should find objects of lesser importance in order to balance the "weight".
Leading Lines
Eyes are naturally drawn to lines and the placement of lines can effect the view of the image. They can pull us into the pictures or on a journey "through" the scene.
To a subject
Through the scene
Pull you towards
Use of Lines
Horizontal: Lend a static, calm feel to the picture
Vertical: Often suggest permanence and stability
Diagonal: Introduce a feeling of drama, movement, or uncertainty
Symmetry and Pattern
These make for a very eye catching composition, particularly in situations where it is unexpected. Another way to use this is to break the pattern/symmetry in some way, introducing tension and a focal point.
View Point
You are the viewer, the camera is your eye.
Birds Eye: above, gives the viewer a feeling of superiority to the object
Bugs Eye: below an objeect, gives the object dominance
Framing
The world is full of objects that create natural frames. By framing an object you help isolate the object from the outside world resulting in a more focused image.
Cropping
Cropping tight around the object eliminates the background "noise" ensuring that the subject gets the viewers undivided attention.
Perspective
A change of perspective can add to the impact of a photo. Try to take a photo from a different angle like through a doorway or window.
Odd Numbers
Photos are more visually appealing when there's an odd number of subjects. Studies show viewers are more at ease and comforted when viewing photos with an odd number of subjects.
Space
To portray movement, context, and the idea that the photo is bigger than just the part you see, leave cutter free "white" spaces